Detecting Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia by coagulation concentration and real-time PCR quantification

Rapid and sensitive pathogen detection methods are essential for the effective functioning of the water treatment industry, yet for many pathogens, effective detection and removal methods are still lacking. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts are two of the most common waterborne pathogens currently infecting the water supply. In this study, a new method was developed for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts. The method includes multi-steps as coagulation concentration of (oo)cysts in water, the dissolution of the resulting flocs into a small volume using acid, filtration of the (oo)cysts solution, and DNA extraction, purification, and examination using real-time PCR. The method was tested using spiked tap water and reservoir water as references, and the mean recovery ranged from 19.6% to 97.6% for oocysts, and from 51.4% to 98.7% for cysts. The method is economical and convenient, and is especially suitable for relatively high turbidity surface water.     

龙眼miR167家族分子特性及其潜在靶标在体胚发生早期的表达模式

为了解miR167家族成员的分子特性及其可能互作的靶标在龙眼体胚发生早期的调控机制,采用生物信息学分析方法进行龙眼miR167基因家族序列分析、二级结构预测、分子进化树分析、靶基因预测及其靶标特异表达的FPKM值分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术(quantitave real-time PCR,qPCR)检测miR167家族在体胚发生早期的转录水平.结果显示,龙眼miR167前体序列存在一个长为20 nt的重叠区域,miR167b的中间序列区域和3’端与此区域存在多个碱基差异;龙眼miR167前体成员均能形成茎环结构,且最小折叠自由能介于-79.95--46.90 Kal/mol之间;分子进化树显示龙眼miR167前体成员分别与番木瓜(Carica papaya)、番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)、高粱(Sorghum bicolor)和大豆(Glycine max)亲缘关系最近,miR167a、c、d、f在成熟体进化树中聚于同一支,靶标预测结果显示它们可能调控6个相同的靶基因,即E3泛素连接酶BIG BROTHER(BB)、AIRP2,MYB转录因子和生长素应答因子(ARF6、ARF8、ARF6-3),miR167b则单独分布于另一支中,并可能调控2个特异靶标,即赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1(LSD1)和细胞周期素(cyclin-C1-2-like);qPCR结果显示dlo-miR167a、c、d的表达均呈上调趋势,dlo-miR167d、f在3个阶段的表达水平较低;FPKM值显示ARF6/8、BB在体胚发生早期的表达模式与dlo-miR167a、c、d趋于一致,与AIRP2呈负相关.本研究表明在体胚发生早期ARF6/8和BB可能不受龙眼miR167的靶向调控,miR167可能通过靶向AIRP2参与早期体胚发生的形态建成,提示龙眼miR167基因功能的协同性和独立性并存.(图9表3参54)     

岩溶区公路边坡监测TLS点云处理与3D场景构建研究

岩溶山区公路的工程地质条件极为脆弱,容易造成沿线边坡整体或局部滑坡,为保障岩溶山区公路的运营安全,对公路沿线易滑边坡进行定位监测分析是十分有必要的。选取云南九乡典型岩溶山区公路的一个易滑边坡作为实验监测对象,针对传统"点"式监测方法存在的不足,采用地面三维激光扫描(Terrestrial Laser Scanning,TLS)技术对该边坡实施了野外现场扫描并获得该易滑边坡现状的3D点云数据;基于I-Site Studio三维点云数据处理平台,开展了对该公路易滑边坡扫描获得的3D点云数据进行了配准、滤波去噪和空洞修复等预处理,以及精细化建模和三维场景构建等试验研究。整理得出了利用地面TLS技术进行岩溶山区公路易滑边坡3D点云数据采集、预处理和3D场景模拟分析等完整技术应用过程,并对TLS技术用于该实验区边坡监测的测量精度进行了评价。研究结果表明,相对于传统"点"式监测方法,地面TLS技术在岩溶山区公路沿线易滑边坡监测中能够获取更加丰富的空间三维数据,并构建出精细化的三维场景模型。     

污泥硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)与硫化氢释放

根据污泥低温干化工艺的特点,通过模拟试验,深入研究了不同类型污泥硫化氢在不同状态下的释放特征及其影响因素.同时,通过培养法,分析了不同类型污泥中SRB的生活量和活性及其与硫化氢释放量的对应关系.研究结果表明：污泥SRB的生活量越大、活性越强,硫化氢释放量就越大;中偏酸性污泥硫化氢的释放量大于碱性污泥,碱性污泥不仅能够中和硫化氢,而且可以抑制SRB的生长,减少因微生物作用而产生的硫化氢;污泥硫化氢释放量随干化温度的增高而增加,硫化氢的最大释放量发生在污泥干化的前期.上述研究结果为污泥干化过程中有效地控制硫化氢提供了科学依据.     

Biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ on immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ onto the immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was investigated in this study. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and the effect of pH were studied. The results indicated that the biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae was fast at initial stage and then became slow. The maximum biosorption of heavy metal ions on immobilized S. cerevisiae were observed at pH 4 for Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺. by the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetic data well according to the high correlation coefficient (R ²) obtained. The biosorption isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir model, indicating possible mono-layer biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the immobilized S. cerevisiae after the sorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ could be regenerated and reused.     

如何利用水环境资源承载力确定城市规模研究——以天府新区为例

以水环境承载力的概念及内涵为基础,研究了天府新区规划初期水资源可持续利用的条件,并基于最大纳污量计算了可承载的区域人口和社会经济规模,为天府新区的区域整体发展规划提供依据.在天府新区新的发展目标下,论述了消除或缓解水资源的压力措施,即:改善和提高水资源管理水平甚至宏观社会经济决策水平,改善当地水资源承载状态,提高当地水资源系统对未来社会、经济、人口和生态环境的承载力.     

利用唐鱼雌激素受体构建环境雌激素重组酵母测评系统的研究

利用唐鱼雌激素受体基因片段构建重组酵母,用以筛选环境雌激素类化学物质.实验先将唐鱼雌激素受体terα基因片段插入载体pGADT7中构建表达质粒p GADT7/TERα,同时将雌激素效应元件(ere)片段插入pMP206载体中构建报告质粒pMP206/ERE-Lac Z;然后把表达质粒和报告质粒共转化到酵母AH109中,经筛选成功构建了由唐鱼雌激素受体调控的表达lac Z基因的重组酵母AHpTERα/ERE.结果表明,所构建的重组酵母AHpTERα/ERE在不同浓度17β-雌二醇(E2)的诱导下,β-半乳糖苷酶的活性呈现出明显的剂量-效应关系,其EC50为(0.521±0.700)nmol·L-1.与DMSO对照组相比,重组酵母在17β-雌二醇诱导下有明显的β-半乳糖苷酶活性增强的现象.在不同浓度17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、壬基酚(NP)及其混合物、双酚A(BPA)、17β-雌二醇(E2)(阳性对照)的诱导下,重组酵母均呈现出剂量-效应关系,且灵敏度大小为E2EE2NPBPA.结果表明,本研究成功构建了重组基因酵母测评系统,初步判定该重组酵母可应用于环境雌激素的筛选.     

燃煤烟气中零价汞控制技术研究进展

我国燃煤过程中汞的排放越来越引起国际社会的广泛关注。燃煤烟气中排放汞的形态主要以零价汞为主,将气态零价汞转化为易于脱除的二价汞是控制零价汞排放的有效途径。为此,文章对燃煤烟气中零价汞的转化机理以及控制技术现状进行了概括和总结,对不同零价汞控制技术的特点进行比较分析,并初步探讨了其发展趋势。结论得出应充分利用现有的烟气净化设备,经济有效地发挥其在烟气除汞方面的作用。     

A 60-year sedimentary record of natural and anthropogenic impacts on Lake Chenghai, China

Recent sediments from Lake Chenghai, China, were investigated at high temporal resolution to trace both natural and anthropogenic effects on the lake using total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (P_o), inorganic phosphorus (P_i) and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ¹³C_org and δ¹⁵N) in a ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment core. The results indicated that the sedimentary record covers the last 60 years, during which the lake had undergone apparent changes in nutrient sources and productivity in response to nutrient loading. Prior to the late 1980s, the nutrient contents in sediments mainly originated from algae and lake productivity was relatively stable. Since the late 1980s, increasing TOC, TN and TP concentrations together with the change of δ¹³C_org and δ¹⁵N suggested anthropogenic perturbations in nutrient loading and lake productivity. Endogenic nutrients derived from algae and anthropogenic inputs were two important sources of sedimentary nutrients. The anthropogenic nutrients mainly originated from the discharge of industrial wastewater and artificial cultivation of Spirulina after the middle 1980s, and domestic wastewater discharged from Yongsheng County since 1993.     

2010—2018年西安市大气污染物变化特征分析

日益严重的大气污染问题不仅对西安市的城市形象,还对人们的身体健康造成危害。对西安市13个国控环境空气质量自动监测站6类污染物的数据进行时空变化特征分析,对各污染物的相关性进行分析,并探讨大气污染原因,结果表明：2010—2018年SO₂浓度显著降低,PM₁₀和NO₂年均浓度总体并未呈现下降趋势,2013—2018年PM_2.5浓度变化趋势与PM₁₀浓度变化趋势相同,二者污染情况均较严重,CO浓度呈减小趋势,2013—2016年O₃的污染状况有恶化趋势;第二、三产业增加值的大幅上升所反映的工业、旅游业、交通运输、餐饮业的大规模发展,对西安空气质量有较大影响;SO₂的工业减排对大气SO₂浓度水平下降效果明显,但NO_x和烟（粉）尘排放量的下降却没有反映在大气NO₂和颗粒物浓度下降上。说明大气NO₂来源除了工业来源外,还有其他重要来源（如：机动车排放、天然气燃烧产物）,同时也反映了大气颗粒物来源的复杂,单纯依靠降低烟（粉）尘排放量无法有效降低颗粒物浓度。高增速的机动车保有量和能源消费结构均对西安市大气污染问题有重要影响。